DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Cancer

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

HIGH SEVERITY

The most common renal malignancy in children, typically affecting ages 3-4 years. Often associated with WT1 or WT2 gene mutations. Can be part of syndromes (WAGR, Denys-Drash, Beckwith-Wiedemann). Excellent prognosis with treatment.

Global Affected

15.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Painless abdominal mass
Hematuria
Abdominal pain
Fever
Hypertension
Weight loss
Aniridia (WAGR syndrome)
Hemihypertrophy (BWS)

Treatment Options

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy
Hormone therapy
Stem cell transplant
Palliative care

Risk Factors

1Age
2Family history
3Genetic mutations
4Smoking
5Alcohol consumption
6Obesity
7Physical inactivity
8Environmental exposures
9Infections (HPV, HBV, HCV, H. pylori)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Biopsy
  • 2Imaging (CT, MRI, PET)
  • 3Tumor markers
  • 4Genetic testing
  • 5Endoscopy
  • 6Blood tests
  • 7Screening programs

Prognosis

Excellent prognosis overall. Overall 5-year survival 90%. Favorable histology: 95% survival. Unfavorable (anaplastic) histology: 70% survival. Stage I-II: 95-98% survival. Stage III: 85-90% survival. Stage IV: 75% survival. Stage V (bilateral): 80% survival. Nephron-sparing surgery when possible. Chemotherapy highly effective. Radiation for advanced stages. Long-term survivors monitored for treatment effects (heart, kidney). Fertility usually preserved. Cure rates have improved dramatically over past decades.

Prevention

  • Smoking cessation
  • Sun protection
  • Healthy diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Vaccination (HPV, HBV)
  • Screening programs
  • Limit alcohol
  • Maintain healthy weight

Research Status

Nephrectomy and chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin, doxorubicin). Radiation for advanced stages. Bilateral kidney-sparing surgery. Survival >90% overall. Risk-stratified therapy based on histology and stage.

Sources

  • https://www.cancer.gov
  • https://www.who.int/cancer
  • https://www.cancer.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.