DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Urologic Condition

Urethritis

MODERATE

Inflammation of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Most commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea) but can also be non-infectious. Affects both men and women, though symptoms are more prominent in men.

Global Affected

2.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Burning with urination (dysuria)
Urethral discharge
Urethral itching
Frequent urination
Blood in urine or semen
Painful intercourse or ejaculation
Pelvic pain (women)
Testicular pain (men)

Treatment Options

Antibiotic therapy (pathogen-specific)
Dual therapy (chlamydia + gonorrhea coverage)
Pain relievers
Increased fluid intake
Partner treatment
Abstinence during treatment

Risk Factors

1Unprotected sexual intercourse
2Multiple sexual partners
3New sexual partner
4History of STIs
5Young age (15-24)
6Sexual abuse
7Sex work

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)
  • 2Urine sample testing
  • 3Urethral swab
  • 4Gram stain of discharge
  • 5Urine culture (exclude UTI)
  • 6Viral testing (HSV)
  • 7Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma testing

Prognosis

Excellent with appropriate antibiotics; symptoms resolve within 1-2 weeks. Untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (women), epididymitis (men), and infertility. Reinfection common if partners not treated. Follow-up testing recommended to confirm cure, especially for gonorrhea.

Prevention

  • Consistent condom use
  • Limit sexual partners
  • Regular STI screening
  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Partner notification and treatment
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk

Research Status

Antibiotics specific to identified pathogen (azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia; ceftriaxone for gonorrhea). Dual therapy recommended due to co-infection risk. Partner treatment essential to prevent reinfection. Abstinence until treatment complete. Multidrug-resistant gonorrhea is emerging concern.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/urethritis-and-cervicitis.htm
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urethritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353448
  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urethritis

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.