DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Type 1 Diabetes

HIGH SEVERITY

An autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Requires lifelong insulin replacement. Onset often in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Strong genetic and environmental component.

Global Affected

8.4M

Countries

16

Symptoms

Polyuria (excessive urination)
Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
Unintentional weight loss
Fatigue
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologic agents
DMARDs
Plasmapheresis
IVIG
Physical therapy
Symptom management

Risk Factors

1Female gender
2Family history
3Genetic predisposition
4Environmental triggers
5Infections
6Hormonal factors
7Smoking

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Autoantibody testing
  • 2Inflammatory markers
  • 3Imaging
  • 4Biopsy
  • 5Clinical criteria
  • 6Exclusion of other causes

Prognosis

Variable; many autoimmune diseases are chronic with relapsing-remitting courses. Early treatment and modern biologics have significantly improved outcomes.

Prevention

  • No specific prevention
  • Smoking cessation
  • Avoidance of triggers
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Automated insulin delivery (hybrid closed-loop) systems transformative. Stem cell therapy VX-880 (Vertex) in clinical trials. Teplizumab approved to delay onset in at-risk individuals. Islet transplantation for select patients.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanChinaIndiaBrazilNigeriaFinlandSwedenNorway

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.