DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Infectious Disease

Tuberculosis

HIGH SEVERITY

Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting lungs but can involve any organ. Leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Latent infection common; active disease in 5-10% of infected.

Global Affected

10.0M

Countries

194

Symptoms

Chronic cough (>3 weeks)
Hemoptysis (coughing blood)
Chest pain
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Shortness of breath

Treatment Options

First-line anti-TB drugs (HRZE)
Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
MDR-TB regimens (18-24 months)
Bedaquiline
Delamanid
Pretomanid
Surgery (rarely)
Latent TB treatment

Risk Factors

1HIV infection
2Malnutrition
3Diabetes
4Immunosuppression
5Close contact with TB patient
6Overcrowding
7Healthcare workers
8Substance use
9Silicosis
10Travel to endemic areas

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Sputum smear microscopy
  • 2GeneXpert MTB/RIF
  • 3Chest X-ray
  • 4TB culture (gold standard)
  • 5Tuberculin skin test (TST)
  • 6IGRA blood test
  • 7Drug susceptibility testing
  • 8NAAT

Prognosis

Curable with 6-month standard treatment. DR-TB: 50-60% success rate. HIV-TB co-infection: mortality high without ART. Latent TB: 5-10% lifetime risk of progression.

Prevention

  • BCG vaccination (variable efficacy)
  • Isoniazid preventive therapy
  • Infection control measures
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Contact tracing
  • Improved nutrition
  • TB screening in high-risk groups

Research Status

DR-TB (drug-resistant) major challenge. Bedaquiline and delamanid for MDR-TB. Shorter regimens (6-9 months vs 20+). mRNA vaccine in development. Latent TB treatment (3HP regimen: weekly rifapentine + isoniazid for 3 months). Host-directed therapies.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov
  • https://www.who.int
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.