DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Neurological Disease

Trigeminal Neuralgia

HIGH SEVERITY

A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from the face to the brain. Characterized by sudden, severe, shock-like facial pain lasting seconds to minutes. Often triggered by simple activities like eating, talking, or touching the face. One of the most painful conditions known.

Global Affected

1.5M

Countries

17

Symptoms

Sudden severe facial pain
Electric shock-like pain
Pain in jaw, cheek, teeth, or eye
Pain triggered by touch, chewing, talking
Pain attacks lasting seconds to minutes
Frequent attacks in clusters
Facial muscle spasms
Anxiety about triggering pain

Treatment Options

Carbamazepine (first-line medication)
Oxcarbazepine
Other anticonvulsants
Muscle relaxants
Tricyclic antidepressants
Microvascular decompression surgery
Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Percutaneous rhizotomy

Risk Factors

1Age (over 50)
2Women at higher risk
3Multiple sclerosis
4Compression of trigeminal nerve by blood vessel
5Brain tumor (rare)
6Family history (rare)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Clinical evaluation of pain characteristics
  • 2Neurological examination
  • 3MRI of brain (to rule out MS or tumor)
  • 4Response to anticonvulsant trial

Prognosis

Variable; some achieve remission for months to years. Medical treatment controls symptoms in most cases. Surgery provides long-term relief in 70-80% of patients.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Avoid known triggers
  • Regular medication adherence

Research Status

Anticonvulsant medications are first-line treatment. Microvascular decompression surgery can provide long-term relief. Other options include stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife) and percutaneous procedures. Treatment selection depends on patient factors and pain severity.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trigeminal-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353344
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.