DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Rare Disease

Tay-Sachs Disease

HIGH SEVERITY

A fatal autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by HEXA gene mutation, resulting in deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase A. GM2 ganglioside accumulates in neurons. Most common in Ashkenazi Jewish, French Canadian, and Cajun populations. Infantile form most severe.

Global Affected

5.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Developmental delay/regression
Cherry-red spot on macula
Hyperacusis (exaggerated startle)
Seizures
Muscle weakness
Blindness
Death by age 4 (infantile form)

Treatment Options

Specialized care
Supportive treatment
Enzyme replacement
Gene therapy
Clinical trials
Multidisciplinary management
Symptom control

Risk Factors

1Genetic mutations
2Family history
3Consanguinity
4Ethnic predisposition
5De novo mutations

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Genetic testing
  • 2Specialized biochemical tests
  • 3Imaging
  • 4Biopsy
  • 5Clinical evaluation
  • 6Specialist consultation

Prognosis

Variable; many rare diseases have limited treatment options but research is advancing rapidly. Early diagnosis crucial for optimal management.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Carrier screening
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Newborn screening
  • Family planning

Research Status

No cure. Supportive care only. Enzyme replacement cannot cross blood-brain barrier. Substrate reduction therapy (miglustat) for later-onset forms. Gene therapy trials ongoing. Prenatal and carrier screening effective.

Sources

  • https://rarediseases.org
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1262
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.