DISEASE SCANNER

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Autoimmune Disease

Takayasu Arteritis (Pulseless Disease)

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its major branches, causing vessel wall inflammation, stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. Primarily affects young women of Asian descent. Called 'pulseless disease' because pulses may be absent. One of the most common vasculitides in Asia.

Global Affected

200.0K

Countries

44

Symptoms

Fatigue
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
Night sweats
Muscle pain
Absent or weak pulses
Blood pressure difference between arms
Dizziness
Fainting
Visual disturbances
Headache
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Limb claudication
Renovascular hypertension

Treatment Options

High-dose corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate
Tocilizumab
Rituximab
Cyclophosphamide (induction)
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
Angioplasty
Vascular stenting
Bypass surgery
Hypertension management
Antiplatelet therapy

Risk Factors

1Female gender (90% of cases)
2Age 15-40
3Asian ancestry
4Japanese descent (highest risk)
5South Asian ancestry
6Genetic factors
7HLA-B52 association
8Autoimmune associations

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Physical examination (pulse deficit)
  • 2Blood pressure measurement (both arms)
  • 3ESR and CRP
  • 4Angiography (CT, MR, conventional)
  • 5CT angiography
  • 6MR angiography
  • 7PET scan (inflammation)
  • 8Doppler ultrasound
  • 9Aortic biopsy (rarely)

Prognosis

Variable. 5-year survival over 90% with modern treatment. Relapses common (60%). Vascular complications significant. Hypertension management crucial. Pregnancy high-risk. Lifelong monitoring required. Mortality mainly from complications. Quality of life improved with aggressive therapy.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Early diagnosis
  • Adequate immunosuppression
  • Blood pressure control
  • Smoking cessation
  • Regular vascular monitoring
  • Prompt treatment of complications

Research Status

Corticosteroids first-line. Immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate) for maintenance. Tocilizumab and rituximab increasingly used. Vascular interventions (angioplasty, stenting, bypass) for stenosis. Early diagnosis crucial. Lifelong management required. Relapses common.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.