DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Sjögren's Syndrome

MODERATE

A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia) due to lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands.

Global Affected

4.0M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Dry eyes (burning, gritty sensation)
Dry mouth (difficulty swallowing)
Dry skin
Joint pain and swelling
Fatigue
Vaginal dryness
Swollen salivary glands
Dental cavities

Treatment Options

Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops
Prescription eye drops (cyclosporine, lifitegrast)
Saliva substitutes and stimulants
Hydroxychloroquine
Methotrexate
Rituximab (severe cases)
NSAIDs for joint pain
Good oral hygiene and fluoride

Risk Factors

1Female gender (90% of cases)
2Age 40-60
3Family history of autoimmune disease
4Other autoimmune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
5Viral infections (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis C)
6Genetic factors (HLA-DR3)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Blood tests (ANA, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La)
  • 2Schirmer's test (tear production)
  • 3Salivary gland biopsy (lip biopsy)
  • 4Salivary flow rate
  • 5Ophthalmologic examination
  • 6Dental examination
  • 7Ultrasound of salivary glands

Prognosis

Generally good with proper management. 5-10% develop lymphoma (40x increased risk). Life expectancy near normal. Dry eye complications can affect vision without treatment. Dental health requires vigilant care. Systemic involvement (lung, kidney, nerve) affects 30-40% and requires immunosuppression. Pregnancy monitoring essential due to anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Quality of life improved with symptomatic treatment.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Regular dental and eye examinations
  • Avoiding medications that worsen dryness
  • Smoking cessation

Research Status

Artificial tears and saliva substitutes, immunosuppressants for systemic involvement, rituximab for severe cases. Treatment of extraglandular manifestations. Regular dental and ophthalmologic care.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoIndiaChinaSouth KoreaSouth Africa

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404
  • https://www.sjogrens.org/about-sjogrens
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sjogrens-syndrome

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.