DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Genetic Disorder

Sickle Cell Disease

HIGH SEVERITY

An autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy caused by a point mutation in the HBB gene (Glu6Val). Red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, causing vaso-occlusion, hemolysis, and multi-organ damage. Most common inherited blood disorder in the US.

Global Affected

20.0M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Vaso-occlusive pain crises
Anemia
Splenic sequestration
Stroke
Acute chest syndrome
Delayed growth
Vision problems

Treatment Options

Genetic counseling
Supportive care
Symptom management
Enzyme replacement (if applicable)
Physical therapy
Regular monitoring
Multidisciplinary care

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Genetic mutations
3Consanguinity
4Advanced paternal age
5Ethnic predisposition

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Genetic testing
  • 2Clinical evaluation
  • 3Family history assessment
  • 4Specialized laboratory tests
  • 5Imaging studies
  • 6Biopsy (if applicable)

Prognosis

Improving dramatically. Median survival now 45-55 years. Gene therapy offers potential cure. Chronic organ damage still occurs. Stroke risk 11% by age 20 without screening. Quality of life improving.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Carrier screening
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
  • Family planning

Research Status

Two CRISPR gene therapies approved (Casgevy/Exa-cel and Lyfgenia/lovo-cel). Crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and L-glutamine approved. Allogeneic stem cell transplant curative for some. Newborn screening universal in US.

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116
  • https://medlineplus.gov/genetics
  • https://rarediseases.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.