DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Orthopedic Condition

Scoliosis

MODERATE

A sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. Most cases are idiopathic. Can cause disability if severe and untreated. Curves measured by Cobb angle. Classified by age of onset and cause.

Global Affected

70.0M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Uneven shoulders
One shoulder blade more prominent
Uneven waist
One hip higher than other
Leaning to one side
Back pain (adults)
Breathing difficulty (severe curves)
Visible spinal curve

Treatment Options

Observation (mild curves <25°)
Bracing (growing children, curves 25-40°)
Schroth physical therapy
Scoliosis-specific exercises
Spinal fusion surgery
Growing rod systems
Vertebral body tethering (VBT)
Magnetically controlled growing rods
Pain management (adults)
Respiratory support (severe cases)

Risk Factors

1Age (10-15 years)
2Female gender
3Family history
4Connective tissue disorders
5Cerebral palsy
6Muscular dystrophy
7Birth defects
8Spinal cord abnormalities

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Adam's forward bend test
  • 2Physical examination
  • 3X-rays (standing, full spine)
  • 4Cobb angle measurement
  • 5MRI (if neurological signs)
  • 6Bone age assessment
  • 7Genetic testing (if syndromic)

Prognosis

Generally good with early detection and treatment. Mild curves may not progress. Severe untreated curves can cause respiratory and cardiac issues. Bracing effective in preventing progression. Surgery provides correction but limits flexibility.

Prevention

  • School screening programs
  • Regular check-ups during growth spurts
  • Early intervention
  • Genetic counseling (familial cases)
  • Posture awareness
  • Core strengthening exercises

Research Status

Bracing for growing children with moderate curves. Schroth physical therapy popular. Spinal fusion for severe/progressive curves. Magnetically controlled growing rods for young children. Vertebral body tethering for skeletally immature patients.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scoliosis
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.