DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Sarcoidosis

MODERATE

An inflammatory disease causing granulomas (clumps of inflammatory cells) to form in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes. Can affect any organ system. Cause unknown. Affects approximately 1-40 per 100,000 people, more common in African Americans and Scandinavians. Often remits spontaneously.

Global Affected

2.0M

Countries

34

Symptoms

Persistent dry cough
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Weight loss
Night sweats
Chest pain
Red, painful eyes
Blurred vision
Swollen lymph nodes
Skin lesions
Joint pain
Heart rhythm problems
Neurological symptoms
Liver enlargement

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids (prednisone)
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate
Infliximab (TNF inhibitor)
Adalimumab
Hydroxychloroquine (skin disease)
Topical corticosteroids (skin)
Eye drops (ocular)
Observation alone
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Organ-specific treatments

Risk Factors

1African American ethnicity
2Scandinavian descent
3Age 20-40
4Female gender (slightly higher)
5Family history
6Environmental exposures
7Infectious triggers (suspected)
8Genetic predisposition

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Chest X-ray
  • 2CT scan of chest
  • 3PET scan
  • 4Tissue biopsy (lung, lymph node, skin)
  • 5Pulmonary function tests
  • 6Blood tests (ACE level)
  • 7Eye examination
  • 8Echocardiogram
  • 9Cardiac MRI
  • 10Bronchoscopy with biopsy

Prognosis

Generally good. 60% achieve remission without treatment. 30% have chronic disease. 10% have progressive disease leading to organ damage. Mortality 1-5% (usually from cardiac or pulmonary complications). Lifelong monitoring for some. Quality of life good for most. Recurrence possible.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Smoking cessation
  • Avoid environmental triggers
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular monitoring
  • Genetic counseling not indicated

Research Status

Corticosteroids first-line for progressive disease. Methotrexate, azathioprine for steroid-sparing. TNF inhibitors (infliximab) for refractory cases. Observation for mild/asymptomatic disease. Treatment of organ-specific complications. Most require no treatment. Spontaneous remission common.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sarcoidosis
  • https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/sarcoidosis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.