DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Orthopedic Condition

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

MODERATE

The most common chronic rheumatic disease in children, characterized by persistent joint inflammation lasting >6 weeks in children <16 years. Multiple subtypes including oligoarticular, polyarticular, and systemic (Still's disease). Can cause permanent joint damage and growth abnormalities.

Global Affected

3.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Joint swelling
Joint stiffness (morning)
Joint pain
Warmth over joints
Decreased range of motion
Limping
Fever (systemic JIA)
Rash (systemic JIA)
Fatigue
Eye inflammation (uveitis)
Growth delays

Treatment Options

NSAIDs
Methotrexate
Sulfasalazine
Leflunomide
Biologics (TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors)
Corticosteroids
JAK inhibitors
Physical and occupational therapy
Orthopedic surgery

Risk Factors

1Genetic predisposition
2Family history of autoimmune disease
3Female gender
4Certain HLA types
5Environmental triggers (infection)
6Psychosocial stress

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Physical examination
  • 2Blood tests (RF, anti-CCP, ANA, ESR, CRP)
  • 3X-rays
  • 4MRI or ultrasound
  • 5Eye examination (slit lamp)
  • 6Bone scan

Prognosis

Variable by subtype. Oligoarticular: 50-70% remission. Polyarticular: more guarded, may persist into adulthood. Systemic: challenging, macrophage activation syndrome risk. Permanent joint damage possible without early aggressive treatment.

Prevention

  • No known primary prevention
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular screening for uveitis
  • Vaccinations before biologics
  • Physical activity maintenance
  • Healthy diet

Research Status

Treat-to-target approach achieving remission in 50-70%. Biologics (etanercept, adalimumab, tocilizumab, abatacept) transformative. Tofacitinib approved for polyarticular JIA. Long-acting IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors for systemic JIA.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanChinaIndiaBrazilRussiaSwedenNetherlandsBelgiumSwitzerlandAustriaDenmarkNorwayFinlandPolandCzech RepublicHungaryRomaniaBulgariaCroatiaSloveniaSlovakiaLTLVEEIrelandPortugalGreeceCYMTLUIcelandNew ZealandSouth KoreaSingaporeTaiwanHong KongMalaysiaThailandVietnamIndonesiaPhilippinesSouth AfricaNigeriaEgyptTurkeyIranSaudi ArabiaUAEQatarKuwaitOmanJordanLebanonSyriaYemenIraqAfghanistanPakistanBangladeshLKNPMMKHLAMNKazakhstanUzbekistanTMKGTJAzerbaijanAMGEUkraineBelarusMDALBAMEMKSerbiaXKMexicoArgentinaChileColombiaPeruVenezuelaEcuadorUYPYBOCRPAGuatemalaHNSVNIBZJMHaitiDominican RepublicCuba

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.