DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Retinoblastoma
The most common intraocular malignancy in children, caused by RB1 tumor suppressor gene mutations. Can be unilateral (usually non-hereditary) or bilateral (hereditary). Early detection critical for vision preservation and survival.
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Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1Biopsy
- 2Imaging (CT, MRI, PET)
- 3Tumor markers
- 4Genetic testing
- 5Endoscopy
- 6Blood tests
- 7Screening programs
Prognosis
Intraocular disease has 95%+ cure rate with modern therapy (chemotherapy, focal therapy, enucleation). Group A-E classification guides treatment. Bilateral disease requires genetic testing; 90% have germline RB1 mutation with hereditary risk and increased lifetime second cancer risk. Metastatic disease has 50-60% survival with intensive chemotherapy. Long-term surveillance for second cancers (osteosarcoma, melanoma) in germline mutation carriers. Vision preservation possible in many unilateral and some bilateral cases.
Prevention
- Smoking cessation
- Sun protection
- Healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Vaccination (HPV, HBV)
- Screening programs
- Limit alcohol
- Maintain healthy weight
Research Status
Focal laser, cryotherapy, and chemotherapy (systemic, intra-arterial, intravitreal). Eye salvage possible in 90%. Enucleation for advanced cases. Screening for hereditary form. 95% survival in developed countries.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.cancer.gov
- https://www.who.int/cancer
- https://www.cancer.org
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.