DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Nephrologic Disease

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)

MODERATE

A group of disorders affecting the kidney tubules' ability to maintain acid-base balance, leading to metabolic acidosis. Types include distal (Type 1), proximal (Type 2), and hypoaldosteronism-related (Type 4). Can cause growth retardation in children and kidney stones.

Global Affected

300.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Bone pain
Kidney stones
Nephrocalcinosis
Growth failure (children)
Polyuria
Electrolyte imbalances

Treatment Options

Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium citrate
Potassium replacement
Thiazide diuretics (for proximal RTA)
Fludrocortisone (for Type 4)
Calcium and vitamin D

Risk Factors

1Genetic mutations (Type 1, some Type 2)
2Autoimmune diseases (Sjögren's, SLE)
3Medications (amphotericin, ifosfamide)
4Chronic kidney disease
5Diabetes (Type 4)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Blood gas (metabolic acidosis)
  • 2Serum electrolytes
  • 3Urinalysis (inappropriately alkaline urine)
  • 4Urine pH measurement
  • 5Ammonium excretion tests
  • 6Genetic testing

Prognosis

Good with treatment; lifelong alkali therapy usually required. Prevents kidney stones and bone disease. Type 4 may improve with treatment of underlying cause.

Prevention

  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Genetic counseling for inherited forms
  • Avoid nephrotoxic drugs
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Alkali therapy (bicarbonate/citrate) mainstay. Potassium replacement as needed. Treat underlying cause. Regular monitoring of bicarbonate, potassium, and bone health.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilIndiaChinaNigeriaSouth AfricaMexico

Sources

  • https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/renal-tubular-acidosis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507709
  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/renal-tubular-acidosis

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.