DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Nephrologic Disease

Renal Cell Carcinoma (Kidney Cancer)

HIGH SEVERITY

The most common type of kidney cancer in adults, arising from the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule. Subtypes include clear cell (70-80%), papillary (10-15%), chromophobe (5%), and collecting duct. Often asymptomatic in early stages.

Global Affected

430.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Blood in urine
Back pain
Lump in abdomen
Fatigue
Weight loss
Intermittent fever
Night sweats
Anemia
High blood pressure

Treatment Options

Partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing)
Radical nephrectomy
Cryoablation or RFA (small tumors)
Active surveillance (small masses)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
mTOR inhibitors
Immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors)
Combination therapies
Radiation (palliative)

Risk Factors

1Smoking
2Obesity
3Hypertension
4Family history
5Von Hippel-Lindau disease
6Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
7Chronic kidney disease
8Male gender
9Age 50-70

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1CT scan (most common)
  • 2MRI
  • 3Ultrasound
  • 4Biopsy (selective cases)
  • 5Chest X-ray (metastasis screening)
  • 6Blood tests (calcium, liver function)
  • 7Staging via TNM system

Prognosis

Good for localized disease (5-year survival >90%). Metastatic disease historically poor but improving with immunotherapy. Prognosis varies by histological subtype (clear cell vs papillary). Early detection significantly improves outcomes.

Prevention

  • Smoking cessation
  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Blood pressure control
  • Regular exercise
  • Avoid exposure to certain chemicals
  • Screening for high-risk individuals (VHL)

Research Status

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, pazopanib) and mTOR inhibitors standard for advanced disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) have revolutionized treatment. Combination therapies showing improved survival. Active surveillance for small incidental masses.

Sources

  • https://www.cancer.org
  • https://www.kidney.org
  • https://www.nccn.org
  • https://www.cdc.gov/

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.