DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Hematologic Disorder

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

HIGH SEVERITY

Inherited hemolytic anemia caused by deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate kinase, which is essential for red blood cell energy metabolism. Most common enzyme deficiency in the glycolytic pathway causing hemolytic anemia.

Global Affected

50.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Chronic hemolytic anemia
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Fatigue
Pallor
Gallstones
Iron overload

Treatment Options

Folic acid supplementation
Splenectomy
Red blood cell transfusions
Iron chelation therapy
Mitapivat (Pyrukynd)
Cholecystectomy (gallstones)
Phototherapy (neonatal jaundice)

Risk Factors

1Autosomal recessive inheritance
2Family history
3Northern European ancestry

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Complete blood count
  • 2Peripheral blood smear
  • 3Reticulocyte count
  • 4Pyruvate kinase enzyme assay
  • 5Genetic testing
  • 6Osmotic fragility test

Prognosis

Highly variable depending on severity. Mild cases may require only folic acid. Severe cases may need regular transfusions. Splenectomy improves hemoglobin by 1-3 g/dL in 80% of patients. Life expectancy is generally normal with proper management. Iron overload is a long-term concern requiring chelation therapy. Pregnancy possible with monitoring.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Newborn screening (in some regions)
  • Family screening

Research Status

Supportive care with folic acid supplementation. Splenectomy improves hemoglobin in many patients. Red cell transfusions for severe cases. Iron chelation for iron overload. Mitapivat (PKR activator) FDA-approved for adults.

Sources

  • https://www.rarediseases.org
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2262
  • https://www.hematology.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.