DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Gynecologic Condition

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

HIGH SEVERITY

Loss of normal ovarian function before age 40, characterized by irregular or absent periods and elevated FSH levels. Formerly called premature ovarian failure.

Global Affected

400.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Irregular or missed periods
Hot flashes
Night sweats
Vaginal dryness
Decreased libido
Mood changes
Difficulty concentrating
Infertility

Treatment Options

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Combined oral contraceptives
Estrogen therapy with progestin
Vaginal estrogen for dryness
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Fertility treatments (donor eggs)
Counseling and support groups

Risk Factors

1Family history of POI
2Autoimmune disorders
3Genetic conditions (Turner syndrome, Fragile X)
4Chemotherapy or radiation therapy
5Previous ovarian surgery
6Unknown (idiopathic) - 90% of cases

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1FSH and LH blood tests (elevated FSH)
  • 2Estradiol level (low)
  • 3Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)
  • 4Karyotype analysis
  • 5FMR1 gene testing (Fragile X)
  • 6Autoimmune antibody panel
  • 7Transvaginal ultrasound

Prognosis

Good with hormone therapy. 5-10% chance of spontaneous pregnancy without treatment. Hormone replacement recommended until age 50-52 (natural menopause age). Reduces osteoporosis risk by 50%. Cardiovascular risk normalization with HRT. Psychological support essential. Infertility usually permanent; donor eggs often needed for pregnancy.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling for family history
  • Fertility preservation before cancer treatment
  • Ovarian protection during radiation
  • No known prevention for idiopathic cases

Research Status

Hormone replacement therapy until natural menopause age. Fertility preservation counseling. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Cardiovascular risk reduction. Psychological support.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoIndiaChinaSouth KoreaRussia

Sources

  • https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2016/01/primary-ovarian-insufficiency-in-adolescents-and-young-women
  • https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.