DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Polymyositis

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare inflammatory muscle disease causing progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the proximal muscles (shoulders, hips, thighs). Belongs to idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Affects adults primarily, rare in children. Associated with interstitial lung disease in some cases.

Global Affected

600.0K

Countries

28

Symptoms

Progressive muscle weakness
Difficulty rising from chair
Difficulty climbing stairs
Difficulty lifting arms
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Fatigue
Muscle pain (less common)
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
Joint pain
Shortness of breath
Aspiration risk
Falls
Difficulty reaching overhead

Treatment Options

High-dose corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate
IVIG
Rituximab
Tacrolimus
Cyclophosphamide (severe lung disease)
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy (swallowing)
Fall prevention
Nutritional support

Risk Factors

1Female gender (2:1 ratio)
2Age 30-60
3Other autoimmune diseases
4Viral infections (suspected triggers)
5Genetic factors
6Environmental factors
7HLA-DRB1*03 association

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Muscle enzymes (CK, aldolase)
  • 2Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
  • 3Myositis-specific antibodies
  • 4Muscle biopsy
  • 5MRI of muscles
  • 6EMG (electromyography)
  • 7Chest CT (lung involvement)
  • 8Pulmonary function tests

Prognosis

Variable but generally good with treatment. Most improve significantly with immunosuppressive therapy. Some have residual weakness. Relapses occur. Mortality 10-20% (often from lung disease or complications). Physical therapy crucial for recovery. Lifelong treatment often needed. Quality of life improves with treatment.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Physical therapy to maintain function
  • Fall prevention strategies
  • Pneumonia vaccination
  • Regular monitoring
  • Prompt treatment of infections

Research Status

Corticosteroids first-line. Immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate). IVIG for refractory cases. Rituximab increasingly used. Physical therapy essential. Treatment of interstitial lung disease if present. Early aggressive treatment recommended. Most improve with therapy.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyositis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.