DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Endocrine Disorder

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

MODERATE

A common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Leading cause of infertility. Associated with metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular risk.

Global Affected

116.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Irregular periods
Hirsutism (excess hair growth)
Acne
Male-pattern baldness
Weight gain/obesity
Infertility
Ovarian cysts
Acanthosis nigricans
Mood changes

Treatment Options

Combined oral contraceptives
Metformin
Spironolactone
Clomiphene citrate (fertility)
Letrozole (fertility)
GLP-1 agonists
Inositol supplements
Lifestyle modifications
Cosmetic treatments

Risk Factors

1Obesity
2Family history
3Insulin resistance
4Type 2 diabetes
5Sedentary lifestyle
6Ethnicity (higher in South Asian, Hispanic)
7Prenatal androgen exposure

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Rotterdam criteria (2 of 3)
  • 2Testosterone/DHEAS levels
  • 3Pelvic ultrasound
  • 4Glucose tolerance test
  • 5Lipid panel
  • 6AMH levels
  • 7Rule out other causes

Prognosis

Chronic condition requiring long-term management. Fertility usually achievable with treatment. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer. Symptoms improve after menopause.

Prevention

  • Weight management
  • Regular exercise
  • Healthy diet
  • Monitoring for metabolic syndrome
  • Regular screening for diabetes

Research Status

Inositol supplements showing promise. GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide) improving metabolic parameters. Letrozole as effective as clomiphene for ovulation induction. Research into anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as biomarker. Lifestyle intervention remains cornerstone.

Sources

  • https://www.endocrine.org
  • https://www.cdc.gov/
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.