DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Dermatologic Condition

Head Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)

LOW SEVERITY

Infestation of the scalp hair by head lice. Very common in school-age children. Causes itching but does not spread disease. Not a sign of poor hygiene. Spread through head-to-head contact. Easily treated.

Global Affected

12.0M

Countries

20

Symptoms

Intense scalp itching
Visible lice on scalp/neck
Nits (lice eggs) attached to hair shafts
Tickling sensation
Difficulty sleeping (itching)
Sores from scratching
Irritability

Treatment Options

Permethrin 1% lotion
Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide
Ivermectin lotion 0.5%
Malathion 0.5% lotion
Benzyl alcohol lotion
Spinosad topical suspension
Wet combing (non-chemical)
Oral ivermectin (resistant cases)

Risk Factors

1Age 3-11 years
2School/daycare attendance
3Close head-to-head contact
4Sharing combs/hats/hair accessories
5Girls more than boys
6Longer hair

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Visual inspection
  • 2Wet combing with fine-tooth comb
  • 3Magnifying glass examination
  • 4No special tests needed
  • 5Wood's lamp (nits fluoresce)

Prognosis

Excellent. Not harmful, just bothersome. Treatable with topical medications. May need repeat treatment. No long-term effects. Re-infestation common in school settings.

Prevention

  • Avoid head-to-head contact
  • Don't share combs/brushes/hats
  • Regular screening
  • Machine wash/dry bedding/clothing
  • Vacuum furniture
  • Soak combs/brushes in hot water

Research Status

Over-the-counter permethrin and pyrethrins standard. Prescription treatments for resistant lice. Manual removal with nit comb essential. Resistance to common treatments increasing. Research on new pediculicides ongoing.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoIndiaChinaRussiaSwedenNetherlandsNorwayFinlandDenmarkIreland

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/head-lice
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.