DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Parkinson's Disease
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and presence of Lewy bodies. Second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's.
10.0M
15
Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1Neurological examination
- 2MRI/CT imaging
- 3EEG
- 4EMG/NCV
- 5Lumbar puncture
- 6Genetic testing
- 7Neuropsychological testing
Prognosis
Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias develop after 5-10 years of levodopa therapy. Hoehn and Yahr stages track progression. Early stage (1-2): 3-5 years. Mid stage (3): 4-8 years. Late stage (4-5): 3-6 years. Deep brain stimulation provides 5+ years of motor benefit in appropriate candidates. Cognitive decline (Parkinson's dementia) develops in 50% after 10 years. Mortality is 2-3x general population but improving with modern care.
Prevention
- Head protection
- Cardiovascular health
- Cognitive stimulation
- Physical exercise
- Healthy diet
- Avoidance of toxins
- Regular monitoring
Research Status
Levodopa/carbidopa remains gold standard. Deep brain stimulation effective for motor symptoms. Alpha-synuclein immunotherapy (prasinezumab) in trials. GLP-1 agonists being studied for disease modification.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539800
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
- https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.