An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks—sudden periods of intense fear that reach a peak within minutes. Affects 2-3% of adults annually. Often associated with agoraphobia (fear of situations where escape might be difficult).

• 1Clinical interview (DSM-5)
• 2Panic Disorder Severity Scale
• 3Anxiety sensitivity index
• 4Medical evaluation (rule out cardiac/thyroid)
• 5ECG if cardiac symptoms

Good with treatment; 70-80% respond to treatment. CBT has lasting benefits. Relapse common if medication discontinued abruptly. Many achieve remission but may have occasional residual symptoms. Agoraphobia develops in 30-50% if untreated.

• Stress management
• Regular exercise
• Limit caffeine
• Adequate sleep
• Avoid smoking
• Early treatment of anxiety
• CBT skills maintenance