DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Gynecologic Condition

Complex Ovarian Cysts

MODERATE

Ovarian cysts that contain solid components, septations, or are irregular in nature. Different from simple functional cysts. May be benign (mature cystic teratoma, endometrioma) or malignant. Requires careful evaluation.

Global Affected

3.5M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Pelvic pain
Bloating
Irregular periods
Pain during intercourse
Frequent urination
Nausea
Rapid feeling of fullness

Treatment Options

Watchful waiting
Hormonal contraceptives
Laparoscopic cystectomy
Oophorectomy
Surgical staging (if malignant)
Chemotherapy (if malignant)

Risk Factors

1Endometriosis
2PCOS
3Family history of ovarian cancer
4BRCA mutations
5Age over 50
6Nulliparity

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Transvaginal ultrasound
  • 2CA-125 blood test
  • 3HE4 tumor marker
  • 4MRI or CT scan
  • 5Laparoscopy
  • 6Biopsy

Prognosis

Most complex cysts are benign. Mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts) are benign and cured with surgical removal. Endometriomas may recur (20-30% recurrence rate). Malignancy risk increases with age and tumor markers. Early-stage ovarian cancer has 90% 5-year survival; advanced stage drops to 30-40%.

Prevention

  • Regular pelvic exams
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Genetic counseling (BRCA)
  • Prophylactic surgery (high risk)
  • Early evaluation of symptoms

Research Status

Ultrasound characteristics guide management. CA-125 and HE4 tumor markers help assess malignancy risk. Laparoscopic cystectomy for benign lesions. Oophorectomy if malignancy suspected. Risk of malignancy index (RMI) scoring system used.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoIndiaChinaNigeriaSouth Africa

Sources

  • https://www.acog.org
  • https://www.cancer.gov
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.