DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Cancer

Osteosarcoma

HIGH SEVERITY

The most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, typically occurring at metaphysis of long bones. Associated with rapid growth and TP53 mutations. Peak incidence during adolescent growth spurt.

Global Affected

80.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Bone pain (often worse at night)
Swelling
Limited range of motion
Pathologic fracture
Limp
Systemic symptoms (rare)

Treatment Options

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy
Hormone therapy
Stem cell transplant
Palliative care

Risk Factors

1Age
2Family history
3Genetic mutations
4Smoking
5Alcohol consumption
6Obesity
7Physical inactivity
8Environmental exposures
9Infections (HPV, HBV, HCV, H. pylori)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Biopsy
  • 2Imaging (CT, MRI, PET)
  • 3Tumor markers
  • 4Genetic testing
  • 5Endoscopy
  • 6Blood tests
  • 7Screening programs

Prognosis

Localized disease with chemotherapy + limb-salvage surgery has 65-75% long-term survival. Axial skeleton tumors have poorer prognosis (40-50%) than extremity tumors. Metastatic disease at presentation has 20-30% survival. Elevated LDH and alkaline phosphatase predict worse outcomes. Good histologic response to chemotherapy (>90% necrosis) predicts better survival. Recurrent disease has 20-30% salvage rate with surgery ± chemotherapy. Limb-salvage successful in 85-90% of cases.

Prevention

  • Smoking cessation
  • Sun protection
  • Healthy diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Vaccination (HPV, HBV)
  • Screening programs
  • Limit alcohol
  • Maintain healthy weight

Research Status

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, limb-salvage surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. MAP protocol (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin). Survival 60-70% for localized; 20-30% for metastatic. mifamurtide (immunotherapy) approved in Europe.

Sources

  • https://www.cancer.gov
  • https://www.who.int/cancer
  • https://www.cancer.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.