DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Orthopedic Condition

Osteoporosis

MODERATE

A systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Often called the 'silent disease' because bone loss occurs without symptoms until fracture occurs.

Global Affected

200.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Bone fractures (hip, spine, wrist)
Loss of height over time
Stooped posture (kyphosis)
Back pain
Decreased mobility
Fracture from minor fall

Treatment Options

Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate)
Denosumab
Romosozumab
Teriparatide
Abaloparatide
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
Weight-bearing exercise
Hormone replacement therapy

Risk Factors

1Age >50 (women), >70 (men)
2Female gender
3Family history
4Low body weight
5Smoking
6Excessive alcohol
7Sedentary lifestyle
8Low calcium/vitamin D intake
9Corticosteroid use
10Rheumatoid arthritis

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
  • 2FRAX risk assessment tool
  • 3Quantitative CT
  • 4Bone turnover markers
  • 5Vertebral fracture assessment
  • 6X-rays for suspected fractures

Prognosis

With treatment, fracture risk reduced 40-70%. Untreated: 50% of women and 25% of men will have osteoporotic fracture after age 50.

Prevention

  • Adequate calcium intake (1000-1200mg/day)
  • Vitamin D supplementation
  • Weight-bearing exercise
  • Smoking cessation
  • Limit alcohol
  • Fall prevention strategies

Research Status

Denosumab and bisphosphonates remain mainstays. Romosozumab (sclerostin inhibitor) showing superior fracture reduction. Anabolic agents (teriparatide, abaloparatide) for severe osteoporosis. Gene therapy research exploring Wnt pathway modulation.

Sources

  • https://www.endocrine.org
  • https://www.cdc.gov/
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.