DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Osteopenia
A condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. Considered a precursor to osteoporosis and increases fracture risk compared to normal bone density. Often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs.
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Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1DEXA scan (T-score -1.0 to -2.5)
- 2FRAX risk assessment
- 3Blood tests (calcium, vitamin D, thyroid)
- 4Vertebral fracture assessment
- 5QCT (quantitative CT)
Prognosis
Not all with osteopenia progress to osteoporosis. Many maintain stable bone density with lifestyle changes. Fracture risk intermediate between normal and osteoporosis. Early intervention can prevent progression. Many never develop osteoporosis with proper management.
Prevention
- Adequate calcium intake
- Vitamin D supplementation
- Regular weight-bearing exercise
- Resistance training
- Avoid smoking
- Limit alcohol
- Fall prevention
- Regular bone density screening
Research Status
Lifestyle modifications first-line: calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise. Pharmacologic treatment generally not recommended unless high fracture risk. FRAX tool assesses 10-year fracture risk. Monitoring with repeat DEXA scans every 2-5 years. Focus on fall prevention.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis
- https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
- https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.