A zoonotic virus transmitted from animals (fruit bats, pigs) to humans, with potential for person-to-person spread. Causes severe respiratory illness and encephalitis. First identified in Malaysia in 1998. Case fatality rate 40-75%. Outbreaks in Southeast Asia, primarily Bangladesh and India.

• 1RT-PCR
• 2Serological tests (IgM, IgG)
• 3Viral isolation
• 4Immunohistochemistry
• 5Clinical evaluation
• 6Epidemiological link
• 7Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Poor. Case fatality rate 40-75%. Survivors may have persistent neurological deficits including personality changes, seizures. Relapse encephalitis can occur months later. Permanent brain damage possible. Recovery incomplete in many survivors.

• Avoid contact with fruit bats
• Avoid contact with pigs
• Avoid raw date palm sap
• Wash fruits thoroughly
• Personal protective equipment
• Isolation of patients
• Contact tracing
• Surveillance systems
• Health education