DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Nephrologic Disease

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

MODERATE

A kidney disorder where the kidneys cannot concentrate urine due to resistance to antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin). Causes excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of dilute urine. Can be inherited (genetic) or acquired (lithium, other medications).

Global Affected

2.0M

Countries

89

Symptoms

Excessive thirst
Excessive urination (dilute)
Nocturia
Dehydration
Constipation
Failure to thrive (children)
Irritability
Fatigue

Treatment Options

Thiazide diuretics
Low-salt diet
NSAIDs (indomethacin)
Amiloride
Adequate fluid intake
Desmopressin (partial responders)
Treatment of underlying cause
Genetic counseling

Risk Factors

1Lithium use
2Genetic mutations (AVPR2, AQP2)
3Chronic kidney disease
4Hypercalcemia
5Hypokalemia
6Certain medications
7Amyloidosis
8Sjogren's syndrome

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Water deprivation test
  • 2Desmopressin challenge
  • 3Serum/urine osmolality
  • 4Genetic testing
  • 5Renal ultrasound
  • 6ADH level

Prognosis

Chronic condition requiring lifelong management. Acquired forms may improve if cause removed. Genetic forms permanent but manageable. Dehydration is main risk if not properly managed.

Prevention

  • Avoid lithium if possible
  • Regular monitoring on lithium
  • Genetic counseling
  • Early diagnosis
  • Adequate hydration
  • Avoid dehydration triggers

Research Status

Low-salt diet and thiazide diuretics paradoxically reduce urine output. NSAIDs (indomethacin) can help. Treat underlying cause if acquired. Adequate fluid intake essential. Genetic forms lifelong management.

Sources

  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus
  • https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/diabetes-insipidus

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.