DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Neurological Disease

Narcolepsy Type 1

HIGH SEVERITY

A chronic neurological disorder affecting the brain's ability to control sleep-wake cycles. Characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotions). Often caused by loss of hypocretin-producing neurons. Onset typically in adolescence.

Global Affected

3.0M

Countries

89

Symptoms

Excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hypnagogic hallucinations
Fragmented nighttime sleep
Automatic behaviors
Poor concentration
Memory problems

Treatment Options

Modafinil/armodafinil
Sodium oxybate
Methylphenidate
Amphetamines
Antidepressants (cataplexy)
Scheduled naps
Good sleep hygiene
Pitolisant (histamine H3 antagonist)
Solriamfetol

Risk Factors

1HLA-DQB1*06:02 genotype
2Family history
3Streptococcal infection (trigger)
4Pandemic H1N1 vaccination (Pandemrix)
5Age 10-30 (onset)
6Autoimmune mechanism suspected

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Polysomnography
  • 2Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
  • 3HLA typing
  • 4CSF hypocretin-1 level
  • 5Epworth Sleepiness Scale
  • 6Actigraphy

Prognosis

Lifelong condition with no cure. Symptoms controllable with medication. Quality of life can be good with proper management. Safety concerns (driving, machinery). Higher risk of accidents.

Prevention

  • No primary prevention
  • Early diagnosis
  • Genetic counseling (limited)
  • Avoidance of sleep deprivation
  • Stress management

Research Status

Wake-promoting agents (modafinil, armodafinil). Sodium oxybate for cataplexy and nighttime sleep. Stimulants (methylphenidate). Antidepressants for cataplexy. Scheduled naps help. Orexin/hypocretin agonists in development.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.