DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

MODERATE

A chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath covering nerve fibers. Characterized by relapsing-remitting or progressive course. More common in women (3:1 ratio) and at higher latitudes.

Global Affected

2.8M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Numbness/tingling
Muscle weakness
Optic neuritis (vision problems)
Fatigue
Ataxia (coordination issues)
Cognitive impairment
Bladder/bowel dysfunction

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologic agents
DMARDs
Plasmapheresis
IVIG
Physical therapy
Symptom management

Risk Factors

1Female gender
2Family history
3Genetic predisposition
4Environmental triggers
5Infections
6Hormonal factors
7Smoking

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Autoantibody testing
  • 2Inflammatory markers
  • 3Imaging
  • 4Biopsy
  • 5Clinical criteria
  • 6Exclusion of other causes

Prognosis

Variable; many autoimmune diseases are chronic with relapsing-remitting courses. Early treatment and modern biologics have significantly improved outcomes.

Prevention

  • No specific prevention
  • Smoking cessation
  • Avoidance of triggers
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Multiple disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) available: Ocrelizumab, Natalizumab, Fingolimod, Cladribine, Siponimod. BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib, tolebrutinib) in development. Alemtuzumab and HSCT for aggressive MS.

Affected Countries

AustraliaCanadaGermanySpainFinlandFranceUnited KingdomHong KongIrelandItalyNorwayNew ZealandSwedenUkraineUnited States

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.