DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Nephrologic Disease

Minimal Change Disease (MCD)

MODERATE

A kidney disorder that causes nephrotic syndrome, most commonly in children. Characterized by normal-appearing glomeruli on light microscopy with podocyte foot process effacement visible only on electron microscopy. Also called nil disease or lipoid nephrosis.

Global Affected

200.0K

Countries

16

Symptoms

Severe proteinuria
Nephrotic edema
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Foamy urine
Swelling (periorbital, legs)
Weight gain
Fatigue

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids (prednisone)
Calcineurin inhibitors
Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate mofetil
Rituximab
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
Diuretics
Albumin infusion

Risk Factors

1Age (children 2-6 years)
2Allergies
3Hodgkin lymphoma
4NSAIDs use
5Lithium use
6Malignancies
7Infections

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Urinalysis
  • 2Blood tests (albumin, lipids, creatinine)
  • 3Kidney biopsy with electron microscopy
  • 4Renal ultrasound

Prognosis

Excellent in children; 90% achieve remission with steroids. Adult onset has more variable course with higher steroid resistance rate (20-30%). Relapses common but manageable.

Prevention

  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Avoid NSAIDs if at risk
  • Regular monitoring during treatment

Research Status

Excellent response to corticosteroids in children (90% remission). Adults may require longer treatment. Cyclophosphamide, calcineurin inhibitors for steroid-resistant cases. Rituximab emerging as effective option.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilIndiaChinaNigeriaSouth AfricaBangladeshPakistan

Sources

  • https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minimal-change-disease
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499923
  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.