DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Neurological Disease

Migraine

MODERATE

A primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Can last 4-72 hours. Second most disabling condition worldwide.

Global Affected

1.0B

Countries

111

Symptoms

Throbbing headache (often unilateral)
Nausea and vomiting
Photophobia
Phonophobia
Aura (visual, sensory, speech)
Osmophobia
Neck pain
Dizziness
Fatigue

Treatment Options

Triptans (acute)
CGRP antagonists (acute)
Ditans (acute)
NSAIDs (acute)
Anti-nausea medications
CGRP monoclonal antibodies (preventive)
Beta-blockers (preventive)
Topiramate (preventive)
Amitriptyline (preventive)
OnabotulinumtoxinA (chronic)

Risk Factors

1Female gender (3:1)
2Family history
3Hormonal changes (menstruation)
4Stress
5Sleep disruption
6Certain foods/triggers
7Weather changes
8Bright lights
9Strong smells

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Clinical diagnosis (ICHD-3 criteria)
  • 2Headache history
  • 3Physical/neurological exam
  • 4Imaging (rule out secondary causes)
  • 5Headache diary

Prognosis

Chronic condition with variable course. 30% improve with age (especially after menopause in women). 2-3% develop chronic migraine (>15 days/month). Quality of life significantly impacted.

Prevention

  • Trigger identification and avoidance
  • Regular sleep schedule
  • Stress management
  • Regular meals
  • Hydration
  • Aerobic exercise
  • Preventive medications

Research Status

CGRP monoclonal antibodies (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab) revolutionizing prevention. CGRP receptor antagonists (ubrogepant, rimegepant) for acute treatment. Ditans (lasmiditan) for acute treatment. Neuromodulation devices (TMS, VNS) FDA-approved. Atogepant for prevention.

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.