DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Melanoma
A malignant tumor of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. The most serious form of skin cancer with high metastatic potential. Incidence rising globally, particularly in fair-skinned populations. Early detection critical for survival.
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Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1Clinical ABCDE criteria
- 2Dermoscopy
- 3Biopsy (excisional preferred)
- 4Sentinel lymph node biopsy
- 5CT/PET scanning (staging)
- 6MRI (brain metastases)
- 7LDH levels
Prognosis
Localized (Stage I-II): 5-year survival >90%. Regional nodes (Stage III): 60-70%. Distant metastases (Stage IV): historically <10%, now 30-50% with immunotherapy/targeted therapy. Early detection paramount.
Prevention
- Sun protection (SPF 30+, protective clothing)
- Avoid tanning beds
- Regular skin self-examination
- Professional skin checks
- Avoid peak sun hours
- Protect children from sunburn
- Know your skin
Research Status
Checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and targeted BRAF/MEK inhibitors transformed advanced disease. Adjuvant immunotherapy reduces recurrence. BRAF/MEK for BRAF-mutant disease. mRNA vaccines in trials.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
- https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.