DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Genetic Disorder

Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA)

HIGH SEVERITY

A group of inherited retinal dystrophies causing severe visual impairment at birth or early infancy. Most common genetic cause of childhood blindness. Multiple genetic subtypes; RPE65-related LCA treatable with gene therapy.

Global Affected

30.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Severe visual impairment from birth
Nystagmus
Photophobia
Oculodigital sign (eye poking)
Sluggish pupils
Keratoconus
Franceschetti oculo-digital sign

Treatment Options

Genetic counseling
Supportive care
Symptom management
Enzyme replacement (if applicable)
Physical therapy
Regular monitoring
Multidisciplinary care

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Genetic mutations
3Consanguinity
4Advanced paternal age
5Ethnic predisposition

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Genetic testing
  • 2Clinical evaluation
  • 3Family history assessment
  • 4Specialized laboratory tests
  • 5Imaging studies
  • 6Biopsy (if applicable)

Prognosis

Severe congenital visual impairment persists lifelong. Some forms (RPE65 mutations) may benefit from gene therapy (voretigene neparvovec) if treated early enough. Most patients have legal blindness (20/200 or worse) throughout life. Associated systemic findings (kidney disease, intellectual disability) depend on specific genetic cause. Early intervention services and educational support essential. Regular ophthalmologic monitoring for complications.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Carrier screening
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
  • Family planning

Research Status

Voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) approved for RPE65 mutations. Gene therapy trials for other LCA subtypes. Nutritional supplements for some forms. Visual rehabilitation and low vision services essential.

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116
  • https://medlineplus.gov/genetics
  • https://rarediseases.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.