DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Genetic Disorder

Krabbe Disease (Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy)

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare, inherited disorder destroying the protective coating (myelin) of nerve cells in the brain and throughout the nervous system. Caused by deficiency of galactocerebrosidase enzyme. Most common form is infantile with rapid progression. Affects approximately 1 in 100,000 people.

Global Affected

80.0K

Countries

30

Symptoms

Irritability
Fever without infection
Feeding difficulties
Vomiting
Stiffness
Seizures
Loss of head control
Loss of developmental milestones
Vision loss
Hearing loss
Spasticity
Paralysis
Decreased alertness

Treatment Options

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Anticonvulsants
Muscle relaxants
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Nutritional support
Gastrostomy tube
Respiratory care
Vision support
Hearing support
Gene therapy (clinical trials)

Risk Factors

1GALC gene mutation
2Autosomal recessive inheritance
3Family history
4Consanguinity
5No gender predilection
6No racial predilection
7Druze and Muslim Israeli Arab communities (higher incidence)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1GALC enzyme assay
  • 2GALC gene testing
  • 3MRI of brain
  • 4Nerve conduction studies
  • 5Lumbar puncture
  • 6Newborn screening (some states)
  • 7Prenatal testing
  • 8Carrier testing

Prognosis

Poor for infantile form (fatal by age 2-3 without transplant). Late-onset forms slower progression. HSCT improves outcomes if done early. Quality of life severely affected. Neurological damage irreversible. Life expectancy variable. Newborn screening allows presymptomatic treatment.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Newborn screening
  • Carrier screening
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
  • Family planning

Research Status

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant for pre-symptomatic infants or early symptomatic. Enzyme replacement research ongoing. Gene therapy clinical trials. Newborn screening in some states. Supportive care. Physical therapy. Anticonvulsants. Tube feeding. No cure for symptomatic patients.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/krabbe-disease
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.