DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Ophthalmologic Disease

Keratoconus

MODERATE

A progressive eye disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape, causing distorted vision. Typically affects both eyes and begins during puberty or late teens.

Global Affected

10.0M

Countries

17

Symptoms

Blurred or distorted vision
Increased sensitivity to light
Glare and halos around lights
Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
Difficulty driving at night
Eye strain
Headaches

Treatment Options

Eyeglasses (early stage)
Soft contact lenses
Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses
Scleral lenses
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL)
Intacs corneal inserts
Corneal transplant (penetrating or DALK)

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Vigorous eye rubbing
3Atopic diseases (eczema, allergies, asthma)
4Down syndrome
5Connective tissue disorders
6Age (onset in teens/20s)
7Ethnicity (Middle Eastern, South Asian)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Slit-lamp examination
  • 2Corneal topography
  • 3Corneal tomography (Pentacam)
  • 4Keratometry
  • 5Pachymetry (corneal thickness)
  • 6Refraction

Prognosis

Variable; typically progresses until age 30-40 then stabilizes. Cross-linking can halt progression in 90%+. Contact lenses provide good vision in most. 15-20% eventually need corneal transplant.

Prevention

  • Avoid eye rubbing
  • Manage allergies
  • Early diagnosis and cross-linking
  • Regular eye exams

Research Status

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) halts progression. Specialty contact lenses (RGP, scleral) improve vision. Intacs corneal inserts, topography-guided PRK. Corneal transplant for advanced cases.

Sources

  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.