DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Pulmonary Disease

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

HIGH SEVERITY

A large group of disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring of the interstitium (tissue and space around air sacs). Includes over 200 different conditions, many of unknown cause. Progressive fibrosis leads to impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure.

Global Affected

5.0M

Countries

16

Symptoms

Progressive dyspnea
Dry cough
Fatigue
Weight loss
Muscle/joint pain
Velcro crackles
Clubbing
Exercise intolerance

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants (azathioprine, mycophenolate)
Antifibrotics (nintedanib)
Oxygen therapy
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Lung transplantation
Treatment of underlying cause

Risk Factors

1Autoimmune diseases
2Environmental/occupational exposures
3Medications (amiodarone, chemotherapy)
4Radiation therapy
5Smoking
6Age >65
7Family history
8Gastroesophageal reflux

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1High-resolution CT
  • 2Pulmonary function tests
  • 3Bronchoscopy with BAL
  • 4Surgical lung biopsy
  • 5Autoimmune serologies
  • 6Genetic testing (for familial forms)

Prognosis

Highly variable by subtype. Usual interstitial pneumonia pattern (IPF-like): 3-5 year median survival. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: better prognosis with treatment. Connective tissue-related: depends on underlying disease control.

Prevention

  • Avoid environmental/occupational exposures
  • Smoking cessation
  • Prompt treatment of underlying autoimmune diseases
  • Avoid nephrotoxic medications when possible

Research Status

Antifibrotics for progressive fibrotic ILD. Immunosuppressants for inflammatory forms. Oxygen, pulmonary rehab, transplant. Treatment depends on specific ILD subtype.

Sources

  • https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.