DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Urologic Condition

Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS)

MODERATE

A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain. Part of a spectrum of painful bladder syndromes. More common in women. Symptoms often mimic UTI but urine cultures are negative. Cause is unknown but may involve bladder lining defects.

Global Affected

3.3M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Chronic pelvic pain
Bladder pressure/pain
Pain between vagina and anus (women)
Pain between scrotum and anus (men)
Frequent urination (up to 60x/day)
Urgent need to urinate
Pain during sexual intercourse
Symptoms worsen with bladder filling
Relief after urinating

Treatment Options

Oral pentosan polysulfate
Tricyclic antidepressants
Antihistamines
Gabapentin/pregabalin
Intravesical DMSO
Intravesical heparin
Bladder instillations
Botox bladder injections
Sacral nerve stimulation
Cyclosporine (severe cases)

Risk Factors

1Female gender (5-10x more common)
2Age 30-40 (typical onset)
3Other chronic pain syndromes
4Fibromyalgia
5Irritable bowel syndrome
6Allergies
7Family history

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Symptom questionnaires (ICSI, ICPI)
  • 2Urinalysis and culture (rule out infection)
  • 3Cystoscopy with hydrodistension
  • 4Potassium sensitivity test
  • 5Urodynamic testing
  • 6Biopsy (exclude other conditions)
  • 7Pelvic examination

Prognosis

Chronic condition with fluctuating course; no cure. Symptoms may improve over time in some patients. 50% experience remission periods. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Requires long-term management and lifestyle adjustments.

Prevention

  • Avoid bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol, citrus)
  • Stress management
  • Pelvic floor physical therapy
  • Dietary modifications
  • Regular exercise
  • Adequate hydration

Research Status

Multimodal approach required. Oral therapies: amitriptyline, pentosan polysulfate (Elmiron), antihistamines, gabapentin. Intravesical therapies: DMSO, heparin, lidocaine. Botox injections. Neuromodulation. Cyclosporine for severe cases. Pain management essential. Emerging therapies targeting nerve growth factor.

Sources

  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome
  • https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/physicalactivity/index.html
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.