DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Infectious Disease

Infective Endocarditis

HIGH SEVERITY

Infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream. Life-threatening condition requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy and sometimes surgery. Risk increased in those with prosthetic valves or congenital heart disease.

Global Affected

150.0K

Countries

89

Symptoms

Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Aching joints/muscles
Night sweats
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
New/worsening heart murmur
Swelling in legs/abdomen
Osler nodes (fingers/toes)

Treatment Options

IV antibiotics (4-6 weeks)
Surgical valve repair/replacement
Removal of infected tissue
Drainage of abscesses
Treatment of complications
Anticoagulation (careful consideration)

Risk Factors

1Prosthetic heart valve
2Previous endocarditis
3Congenital heart disease
4Rheumatic heart disease
5IV drug use
6Dental procedures
7Indwelling catheters
8Hemodialysis
9Immunocompromised

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Blood cultures (3 sets)
  • 2Echocardiogram (TEE preferred)
  • 3Duke criteria
  • 4Complete blood count
  • 5ESR/CRP
  • 6Urine analysis
  • 7CT/MRI (complications)

Prognosis

In-hospital mortality 15-25%. Higher with prosthetic valves, Staphylococcus aureus, heart failure, or stroke complications. Good with prompt treatment of native valve endocarditis. Recurrence possible.

Prevention

  • Antibiotic prophylaxis (high-risk procedures)
  • Good dental hygiene
  • Skin infection prevention
  • Avoid IV drug use
  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Prophylaxis guidelines following

Research Status

4-6 weeks IV antibiotics based on culture results. Surgery for heart failure, uncontrolled infection, or large vegetations. Prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures for high-risk patients. Early identification and treatment critical.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endocarditis
  • https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease
  • https://www.cdc.gov/endocarditis

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.