DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Hematologic Disorder

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

MODERATE

An autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated low platelet count due to immune-mediated platelet destruction and impaired production. Formerly called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acute form common in children, chronic in adults.

Global Affected

6.0M

Countries

19

Symptoms

Easy or excessive bruising
Petechiae (small red spots)
Bleeding from gums or nose
Blood in urine or stool
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Fatigue
Enlarged spleen (rare)

Treatment Options

Watchful waiting (asymptomatic)
Corticosteroids (prednisone)
IV immune globulin (IVIG)
Anti-D immunoglobulin
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists
Rituximab
Fostamatinib
Splenectomy
Immunosuppressants
Platelet transfusion (bleeding emergency)

Risk Factors

1Autoimmune diseases
2Viral infections (HIV, hepatitis C, H. pylori)
3Certain medications
4Pregnancy
5Age (peaks in children and older adults)
6Genetic factors
7Vaccinations (rarely)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Complete blood count (isolated low platelets)
  • 2Peripheral blood smear
  • 3Bone marrow biopsy (if atypical)
  • 4HIV, HCV testing
  • 5H. pylori testing
  • 6Direct antiglobulin test
  • 7Testing for other autoimmune conditions

Prognosis

Good overall; children often self-resolve. Adults more likely chronic course. Fatal bleeding rare (<1%). Most maintain safe platelet counts with treatment. Quality of life considerations important. Spontaneous remission possible.

Prevention

  • Avoid contact sports (if severe thrombocytopenia)
  • Avoid medications that affect platelets
  • Dental care to reduce bleeding risk
  • Vaccinations (before splenectomy)
  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Corticosteroids first-line. IVIG for rapid response. TPO receptor agonists (eltrombopag, romiplostim) for refractory. Rituximab second-line. Splenectomy decreasing. Fostamatinib (SYK inhibitor) newer option.

Sources

  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/bleeding-disorders/immune-thrombocytopenia-itp
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/immune-thrombocytopenic-purpura

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.