A congenital condition in males where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. One of the most common birth defects of the male genitalia. Varies in severity based on location of urethral opening.

• 1Physical examination (at birth)
• 2Diagnosis usually obvious
• 3Urinalysis (if complications)
• 4Genetic testing (complex cases)
• 5Ultrasound (if associated anomalies suspected)

Excellent with surgical repair. 90-95% successful outcomes. Minor complications (fistula, stricture) in 5-10%, often correctable. Long-term sexual and urinary function normal. Early repair preferred.

• No known prevention
• Prenatal care
• Avoid environmental exposures
• Genetic counseling (if family history)
• Early diagnosis and referral