DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Metabolic Disorder

Homocystinuria

HIGH SEVERITY

A group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting methionine metabolism. Most common form is cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Characterized by lens dislocation, intellectual disability, thromboembolism, and skeletal abnormalities. Responds to pyridoxine (B6) in some patients.

Global Affected

80.0K

Countries

18

Symptoms

Ectopia lentis (lens dislocation)
Intellectual disability
Thromboembolism
Marfanoid habitus
Osteoporosis
Developmental delay
Seizures
Psychiatric disorders

Treatment Options

Pyridoxine (B6) supplementation (responsive patients)
Methionine-restricted diet
Cysteine supplementation
Betaine
Aspirin/anticoagulants
Surgery for lens dislocation

Risk Factors

1Autosomal recessive inheritance
2CBS gene mutations
3MTHFR variants
4Consanguinity
5Irish ancestry
6Qatari ancestry

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Newborn screening
  • 2Plasma total homocysteine
  • 3Methionine levels
  • 4Genetic testing
  • 5Ophthalmologic examination

Prognosis

B6-responsive forms have better prognosis. Untreated: thromboembolism, lens dislocation by age 10, intellectual disability. Early treatment prevents complications.

Prevention

  • Newborn screening
  • Genetic counseling
  • Prenatal diagnosis
  • Anticoagulation when needed
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Pyridoxine (B6) supplementation (responsive patients) and Methionine-restricted diet are primary treatments. Research focuses on improved therapies and outcomes.

Sources

  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/homocystinuria
  • https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/homocystinuria
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1524

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.