DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Infectious Disease

Hendra Virus Infection

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare zoonotic virus transmitted from horses to humans, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease. First identified in Hendra, Australia in 1994. Fruit bats (flying foxes) are natural reservoir. Case fatality rate 57%. Only reported in Australia.

Global Affected

1.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Fever
Cough
Sore throat
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Respiratory distress
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Confusion
Seizures
Coma

Treatment Options

Supportive care
Oxygen therapy
Mechanical ventilation
Treatment of encephalitis
Anticonvulsants
Intensive care
Rehabilitation (survivors)

Risk Factors

1Close contact with infected horses
2Handling sick horses
3Veterinary work with horses
4Horse training/racing industry
5Contact with horse bodily fluids
6No vaccination of horses
7Living in flying fox habitat

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1RT-PCR
  • 2Serological tests
  • 3Viral isolation
  • 4Immunohistochemistry
  • 5Clinical evaluation
  • 6Epidemiological link (horse contact)

Prognosis

Guarded. Case fatality rate 57%. Survivors may have long-term neurological complications. Relapse encephalitis reported. Recovery incomplete in many. Permanent brain damage possible. Horse vaccination prevents human cases.

Prevention

  • EquiVac HeV vaccine for horses
  • Personal protective equipment
  • Isolation of sick horses
  • Quarantine protocols
  • Surveillance in flying foxes
  • Avoid contact with sick horses
  • Veterinary biosecurity
  • Health education for horse handlers

Research Status

No specific treatment or vaccine for humans. Supportive care only. EquiVac HeV vaccine available for horses prevents transmission to humans. Isolation of sick horses. Personal protective equipment when handling horses. Surveillance in flying fox populations.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/hendra
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.