DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Graves' Disease

MODERATE

An autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism due to thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) activating the TSH receptor. Associated with Graves' ophthalmopathy (thyroid eye disease) and dermopathy.

Global Affected

3.0M

Countries

17

Symptoms

Weight loss
Heat intolerance
Tremor
Palpitations
Anxiety/irritability
Goiter
Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
Thick, red skin on shins

Treatment Options

Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologic agents
DMARDs
Plasmapheresis
IVIG
Physical therapy
Symptom management

Risk Factors

1Female gender
2Family history
3Genetic predisposition
4Environmental triggers
5Infections
6Hormonal factors
7Smoking

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Autoantibody testing
  • 2Inflammatory markers
  • 3Imaging
  • 4Biopsy
  • 5Clinical criteria
  • 6Exclusion of other causes

Prognosis

Variable; many autoimmune diseases are chronic with relapsing-remitting courses. Early treatment and modern biologics have significantly improved outcomes.

Prevention

  • No specific prevention
  • Smoking cessation
  • Avoidance of triggers
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Radioactive iodine, antithyroid drugs (methimazole), and surgery all effective. Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease. Beta-blockers for symptom control. Remission in 30-50% with antithyroid drugs.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanChinaIndiaBrazilMexicoRussiaSwedenNorwayFinland

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.