DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Chronic Condition

Glaucoma

HIGH SEVERITY

A group of eye conditions damaging the optic nerve, often due to abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). Leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma most common; angle-closure glaucoma is emergency.

Global Affected

80.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Often asymptomatic early
Peripheral vision loss
Tunnel vision (advanced)
Halos around lights
Eye pain (angle-closure)
Headache
Nausea/vomiting (acute)
Blurred vision

Treatment Options

Prostaglandin analog eye drops
Beta-blockers
Alpha-agonists
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Rho kinase inhibitors
Laser trabeculoplasty
MIGS procedures
Trabeculectomy
Tube shunts

Risk Factors

1Age >60
2Elevated intraocular pressure
3Family history
4African/Asian/Hispanic ancestry
5Thin corneas
6Myopia
7Diabetes
8Steroid use
9Hypertension
10Migraine

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Tonometry (IOP measurement)
  • 2Ophthalmoscopy
  • 3Visual field testing
  • 4OCT (retinal nerve fiber layer)
  • 5Gonioscopy
  • 6Pachymetry
  • 7Optic nerve imaging

Prognosis

Irreversible vision loss without treatment. With treatment: progression slowed/halting in 90%. Visual field loss progresses slowly (1-5 years per stage). Lifelong monitoring required.

Prevention

  • Regular eye exams after age 40
  • Screening high-risk groups
  • IOP control
  • Exercise (moderate)
  • Protective eyewear

Research Status

Prostaglandin analogs remain first-line. Rho kinase inhibitors (netarsudil) newer option. Sustained-release implants (bimatoprost SR) reducing drop burden. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) expanding options. Gene therapy trials for inherited forms. Neuroprotection research ongoing.

Sources

  • https://medlineplus.gov
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.