DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis)

HIGH SEVERITY

An inflammatory disease of blood vessels, most commonly affecting the arteries in the head, particularly the temples. Most common form of vasculitis in adults over 50. Can cause sudden blindness if untreated. Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica in 50% of cases. Affects approximately 0.5-27 per 100,000 people.

Global Affected

3.0M

Countries

32

Symptoms

Severe headache (temples)
Scalp tenderness
Jaw pain when chewing (jaw claudication)
Vision loss or blurring
Double vision
Sudden blindness
Fatigue
Fever
Weight loss
Muscle aches (polymyalgia rheumatica)
Tender temples
Stroke symptoms

Treatment Options

High-dose corticosteroids
Tocilizumab (Actemra)
Methotrexate
Aspirin
Prednisone taper
Calcium and vitamin D
Bisphosphonates (bone protection)
Proton pump inhibitors
Physical therapy
Regular monitoring
Temporal artery biopsy

Risk Factors

1Age over 50
2Female gender (2-3:1)
3Northern European ancestry
4Scandinavian descent
5Polymyalgia rheumatica
6Genetic factors
7Environmental triggers (viral)
8HLA-DR4 association

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
  • 2CRP (C-reactive protein)
  • 3Temporal artery biopsy
  • 4Color Doppler ultrasound
  • 5MRI/MRA
  • 6CT angiography
  • 7Physical examination
  • 8Ophthalmologic examination

Prognosis

Good with prompt treatment. Vision loss permanent if not treated urgently. Relapses occur in 50%. Treatment usually required for 1-2 years. Steroid side effects significant. Quality of life good after recovery. Life expectancy normal. Prompt recognition crucial.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Early recognition of symptoms
  • Prompt treatment prevents blindness
  • Regular monitoring during treatment
  • Aspirin may reduce complications

Research Status

High-dose corticosteroids immediately to prevent blindness. Tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) FDA-approved. Methotrexate as steroid-sparing. Aspirin may reduce vision loss. Biopsy confirms diagnosis. Treatment typically 1-2 years. Relapses common. Urgent treatment essential.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giant-cell-arteritis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.