DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Infectious Disease

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

LOW SEVERITY

A mild viral illness caused by parvovirus B19, characterized by a distinctive 'slapped-cheek' rash on the face and a lacy rash on the body. Called fifth disease because it was fifth in a historical list of common childhood rash illnesses.

Global Affected

8.0M

Countries

19

Symptoms

'Slapped-cheek' rash
Lacy body rash
Low-grade fever
Headache
Runny nose
Itching
Joint pain (adults)
Fatigue

Treatment Options

Supportive care
Fever reducers
Antihistamines (itching)
Rest
Hydration
IVIG (immunocompromised)
Monitoring (pregnancy)

Risk Factors

1Age (5-15)
2School/childcare settings
3Winter/spring season
4Close contact
5No previous infection

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Clinical diagnosis
  • 2Blood test (parvovirus B19 IgM)
  • 3PCR testing
  • 4Amniocentesis (fetal infection)

Prognosis

Excellent. Self-limited, resolves in 1-3 weeks. Once rash appears, no longer contagious. Joint pain may persist weeks-months in adults. Risk to fetus if pregnant (anemia, hydrops). Chronic infection in immunocompromised.

Prevention

  • Good hygiene
  • Avoid close contact when ill
  • No vaccine available
  • Pregnant women should avoid infected individuals

Research Status

Supportive care only. Self-limited. Important to identify in pregnant women (fetal risk). Can cause transient aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease. IVIG for persistent immunocompromise. Arthropathy common in adults.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirusB19/fifth-disease.html
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fifth-disease
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.