DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Cancer

Ewing Sarcoma

HIGH SEVERITY

The second most common bone tumor in children and adolescents, characterized by EWSR1-ETS gene fusions. Can occur in bone or soft tissue (extraosseous Ewing). Peak incidence in adolescence. Highly aggressive but chemotherapy-responsive.

Global Affected

25.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Bone pain
Swelling and tenderness
Pathologic fracture
Systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss)
Soft tissue mass
Neurologic symptoms (spinal compression)

Treatment Options

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy
Hormone therapy
Stem cell transplant
Palliative care

Risk Factors

1Age
2Family history
3Genetic mutations
4Smoking
5Alcohol consumption
6Obesity
7Physical inactivity
8Environmental exposures
9Infections (HPV, HBV, HCV, H. pylori)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Biopsy
  • 2Imaging (CT, MRI, PET)
  • 3Tumor markers
  • 4Genetic testing
  • 5Endoscopy
  • 6Blood tests
  • 7Screening programs

Prognosis

Localized disease has 70-75% 5-year survival with chemotherapy + local control. Metastatic disease at diagnosis has 20-30% long-term survival. Bone marrow metastases have poorer prognosis than lung metastases. Late relapses (>5 years) are rare. Survivors face long-term risks: secondary cancers, cardiac toxicity from doxorubicin, infertility from alkylating agents, and radiation-related complications. Intensive follow-up for 10+ years recommended.

Prevention

  • Smoking cessation
  • Sun protection
  • Healthy diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Vaccination (HPV, HBV)
  • Screening programs
  • Limit alcohol
  • Maintain healthy weight

Research Status

Multi-agent chemotherapy (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide). Local control with surgery and/or radiation. Survival 70-80% for localized; <30% for metastatic. Research on novel agents ongoing.

Sources

  • https://www.cancer.gov
  • https://www.who.int/cancer
  • https://www.cancer.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.