DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Esophageal Cancer
Cancer of the esophagus, with two main types: adenocarcinoma (associated with Barrett's esophagus, Western countries) and squamous cell carcinoma (associated with smoking, alcohol, hot beverages, Eastern countries). Often diagnosed at advanced stage with poor prognosis.
600.0K
15
Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1Biopsy
- 2Imaging (CT, MRI, PET)
- 3Tumor markers
- 4Genetic testing
- 5Endoscopy
- 6Blood tests
- 7Screening programs
Prognosis
Early-stage (T1-2N0) treated with surgery or chemoradiation has 40-50% 5-year survival. Locally advanced disease with chemoradiation has 20-30% 5-year survival. Metastatic disease has median survival of 12-18 months with chemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma is more chemoradiosensitive than adenocarcinoma. HER2-positive tumors benefit from trastuzumab. MSI-H tumors respond well to immunotherapy. Nutritional support is critical; feeding tubes often required during treatment.
Prevention
- Smoking cessation
- Sun protection
- Healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Vaccination (HPV, HBV)
- Screening programs
- Limit alcohol
- Maintain healthy weight
Research Status
Immunotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) approved for advanced disease. CheckMate 648 established nivolumab plus chemotherapy first-line for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CROSS regimen (chemoradiation) for locally advanced.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.cancer.gov
- https://www.who.int/cancer
- https://www.cancer.org
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.