DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Urologic Condition

Epididymitis

MODERATE

Inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. Most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults. Can be caused by bacterial infection (sexually transmitted or urinary pathogens) or non-infectious inflammation.

Global Affected

600.0K

Countries

111

Symptoms

Scrotal pain and tenderness
Swelling of epididymis
Redness and warmth of scrotum
Painful urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urethral discharge
Blood in semen
Fever and chills
Groin pain

Treatment Options

Antibiotic therapy
NSAIDs for pain
Bed rest
Scrotal elevation/support
Ice packs
Treat sexual partners (if STI)
Surgery (rarely, for abscess)

Risk Factors

1Age 14-35 (STI-related)
2Age >35 (urinary bacteria)
3Unprotected sex
4Multiple sexual partners
5Recent urinary tract infection
6Prostate enlargement
7Uncircumcised
8Recent catheterization or procedure
9Heavy lifting/straining

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Physical examination
  • 2Urinalysis and urine culture
  • 3Urethral swab for STI testing
  • 4Doppler ultrasound
  • 5CBC and CRP
  • 6Urodynamic studies (if recurrent)

Prognosis

Excellent with treatment; most cases resolve within 2-4 weeks. Pain may persist for months (chronic epididymitis). Fertility rarely affected unless bilateral or recurrent. Prompt treatment prevents complications. Follow-up to ensure complete resolution.

Prevention

  • Safe sex practices
  • Consistent condom use
  • Prompt treatment of UTIs
  • Complete antibiotic courses
  • Regular STI screening

Research Status

Antibiotics are mainstay of treatment (ceftriaxone plus doxycycline for STI; fluoroquinolones for older men). NSAIDs for pain and inflammation. Bed rest and scrotal elevation. Treat sexual partners if STI-related. Rarely requires surgery. Differential diagnosis must exclude testicular torsion.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm
  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/epididymitis
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.